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利用纳米粒子进行肿瘤分子成像 Review

程震,闫雪峰,孙夕林,申宝忠,Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 132-140 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.027

摘要：

分子成像不仅可以利用传统成像技术提供结构图像，也可利用许多新的成像技术提供生物功能信息和分子信息。在过去的几十年间，纳米技术在分子成像中的应用显示了许多明显的优势，并且为活体成像提供了新的机遇。多模态纳米粒子可对肿瘤的生物性和微环境做出精确评估。本文讨论了与工程化纳米粒子相关的话题，并总结了近几年来这些纳米结构在恶性肿瘤光学成像、超声成像、光声成像、磁共振成像和放射性核素显像中的应用；同时，还讨论了将纳米粒子应用到临床医学中面临的主要挑战。

关键词：肿瘤分子成像纳米粒子

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Synthesis and application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in targeted therapy and imaging

Liangqian Tong, Ming Zhao, Shu Zhu, Jing Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 379-387 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0162-6

摘要： Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have become a popular strategy of cancer treatment and molecular imaging because of their versatile properties and biocompatibility. A variety of studies have shown the exciting potential of functionalized SPIO nanoparticles, such as surface-coated, targeted ligand-conjugated, and/or drug-loaded SPIO nanoparticles, as powerful tools for targeted imaging and therapy. Moreover, the applications of SPIO nanoparticles that integrate diagnosis and therapy in SPIO nanoparticles facilitate the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy during treatment. In the present review, we primarily concentrate on the recent advancements in the field of SPIO nanoparticles in terms of synthesis, targeted therapy, and cancer imaging.

关键词： nanoparticles superparamagnetic iron oxide targeted therapy molecular imaging cancer

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肿瘤光学分子影像前沿技术：追求更精准和更灵敏 Review

王坤,迟崇巍,胡振华,刘沐寒,惠辉,尚文婷,彭冬,张爽,叶津佐,刘海哮,田捷

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第3期页码 309-323 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015082

摘要：

以新发展的光学多模成像、契伦科夫荧光成像和光学影像手术导航技术为代表的光学分子影像前沿技术，开辟了肿瘤研究、临床转化和医疗实践的新前沿领域。相对于传统成像技术，新技术在活体肿瘤成像上可以提供前所未有的灵敏度和精准度。活体肿瘤细胞和分子行为与事件的可视化正在系统地促进人们对肿瘤的深度理解。这些成像技术的新进展正被快速应用于肿瘤诊疗，如对不同肿瘤之间分子异质性信息的动态和量化获取，以及通过实时成像辅助实现更有效的治疗性干预。在分子影像的时代中，光学技术为促进高灵敏度肿瘤诊断和个体化治疗的发展带来了巨大的希望，而这些正是精准医学的终极目标之一。

关键词：光学分子影像多模分子成像光学多模断层成像契伦科夫荧光成像光学影像手术导航

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饲料的分子结构与动物营养物质利用率和有效性的关系——一种新方法

俞培强, Luciana L. Prates

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第5期页码 726-730 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.007

摘要：

新的研究思路、研究方法和生物分析技术的创造和发展对动物科学（包括饲料和营养科学）的进步是必不可少的。本文介绍了以同步加速器为基础的先进生物分析技术作为一项崭新的研究工具，在研究由多种处理（如基因修饰、基因沉默、饲料的热加工处理、生物燃料加工等）诱导的饲料分子结构变化与动物消化吸收饲料营养物质的关系方面的潜在应用。以同步辐射为基础的先进技术[如同步辐射红外显微光谱技术（synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy，SR-IMS）和同步辐射X射线技术]作为一种快速、无损的生物分析技术被开发利用。与传统的湿化学法不同，同步辐射技术不会破坏饲料内在的分子结构。尖端和先进的同步加速器光源（是日光的上百万倍）能够以超高分辨率在细胞和分子水平上探测生物组织的内在结构。总的来说，最近开发的基于同步辐射的生物分析技术结合常用的研究技术将带来动物饲料和营养研究的巨大进步。

关键词：内部分子结构同步辐射应用分子营养饲料科学技术分子成像养分消化与吸收

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Functional ferritin nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Zhantong Wang, Haiyan Gao, Yang Zhang, Gang Liu, Gang Niu, Xiaoyuan Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 633-646 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1620-8

摘要： Ferritin, a major iron storage protein with a hollow interior cavity, has been reported recently to play many important roles in biomedical and bioengineering applications. Owing to the unique architecture and surface properties, ferritin nanoparticles offer favorable characteristics and can be either genetically or chemically modified to impart functionalities to their surfaces, and therapeutics or probes can be encapsulated in their interiors by controlled and reversible assembly/disassembly. There has been an outburst of interest regarding the employment of functional ferritin nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This review will highlight the recent advances in ferritin nanoparticles for drug delivery, bioassay, and molecular imaging with a particular focus on their biomedical applications.

关键词： nanomedicine ferritin drug delivery bioassay molecular imaging

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evaluation of renal function using diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in type 2

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 471-476 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0365-8

摘要：

This work aims to estimate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in detecting early-stage kidney injury in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (NAU) versus microalbuminuria (MAU) prospectively. A total of 30 T2DM patients with normal kidney function were recruited and assigned to the NAU group (n = 14) or MAU group (n= 16) according to 8 h overnight urinary albuminuria excretion rate (AER) results. A contemporary cohort of health check-up recipients were included as controls (n = 12). DWI and DTI scans were performed on bilateral kidney using SE single-shot EPI, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the renal parenchyma was determined from ADC and FA maps of the three groups. ADC and FA values were compared among the three groups. According to DWI with a b value of 400 s/mm², the MAU and NAU groups showed significantly lowered mean ADC values compared with the healthy controls (P<0.01). The mean ADC in the MAU group [(2.22±0.07)×10^–3 mm²/s] was slightly lower than that of the NAU group [(2.31±0.22)×10^–3 mm²/s], but this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The FA value in the MAU group was higher than that in the control group (0.45±0.07 vs. 0.39±0.03, P = 0.004) but did not differ from that in the NAU group (0.42±0.03) (P>0.05). ADC and FA values may be more sensitive than urine AER in reflecting early-stage kidney injury and, hence, may facilitate earlier detection and quantitative evaluation of kidney injury in T2DM patients. Combined evaluation of ADC and FA values may provide a better quantitative approach for identifying diabetic nephropathy at early disease stages.

关键词： type 2 diabetes mellitus microalbuminuria diffusion weighted imaging diffusion tensor imaging early-stage kidney injury

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Carbon dots-based fluorescence sensor for two-photon imaging of pH in diabetic mice

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 298-306 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2212-9

摘要： Herein, a reversible pH fluorescent sensor was developed using caffeic acid as the precursor by one-step solvothermal synthesis method. The carbon dots-based sensor (CA-CDs) exhibited pH-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity and showed linear relationship in the range of pH 6.60 and 8.00. Notably, the fluorescence sensor has a reversible response to pH change. Finally, the CA-CDs has been successfully applied for two-photon imaging of the pH in liver and kidney of diabetic mice. Imaging results showed that the pH value in kidney of diabetic mice was lower than that of the normal mice, while the pH value in liver of diabetic mice was almost the same as that of the normal mice. The present study provides a simple analytical method for pH detection suitable for in vivo.

关键词： carbon dots two-photon imaging pH diabetic mice

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In vivo imaging of hematopoietic stem cell development in the zebrafish

Panpan Zhang, Feng Liu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 239-247 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0123-0

摘要： imaging is crucial for developmental biology and can further help to follow cell development/differentiation in normal and pathological conditions. Recent advances in optical imaging techniques has facilitated tracing of the developmental dynamics of a specific organ, tissue, or even a single cell. The zebrafish is an excellent model for imaging of hematopoiesis due to its transparent embryo at early stage; moreover, different zebrafish hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transgenic lines have been demonstrated as very useful tools for illustrating the details of the HSC developmental process. In this review, we summarize recent studies related to the non-invasive imaging of HSC transgenics, to show that zebrafish transgenic lines are powerful tools for developmental biology and disease. At the end of the review, the perspective and some open questions in this field will be discussed.

关键词： hematopoietic stem cell hematopoiesis in vivo imaging transgenics zebrafish

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Special issue on “Molecular Sensors and Molecular Logic Gates”

Luling Wu , Tony D. James

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2134-y

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Design of bio-oil additives via molecular signature descriptors using a multi-stage computer-aided molecular

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 168-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2056-8

摘要： Direct application of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis as a fuel has remained a challenge due to its undesirable attributes such as low heating value, high viscosity, high corrosiveness and storage instability. Solvent addition is a simple method for circumventing these disadvantages to allow further processing and storage. In this work, computer-aided molecular design tools were developed to design optimal solvents to upgrade bio-oil whilst having low environmental impact. Firstly, target solvent requirements were translated into measurable physical properties. As different property prediction models consist different levels of structural information, molecular signature descriptor was used as a common platform to formulate the design problem. Because of the differences in the required structural information of different property prediction models, signatures of different heights were needed in formulating the design problem. Due to the combinatorial nature of higher-order signatures, the complexity of a computer-aided molecular design problem increases with the height of signatures. Thus, a multi-stage framework was developed by developing consistency rules that restrict the number of higher-order signatures. Finally, phase stability analysis was conducted to evaluate the stability of the solvent-oil blend. As a result, optimal solvents that improve the solvent-oil blend properties while displaying low environmental impact were identified.

关键词： computer-aided molecular design bio-oil additives molecular signature descriptor

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Anefficient quadrature demodulator for medical ultrasound imaging

Hao ZHOU,Yin-fei ZHENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第4期页码 301-310 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400205

摘要： Quadrature demodulation is used in medical ultrasound imaging to derive the envelope and instantaneous phase of the received radio-frequency (RF) signal. In quadrature demodulation, RF signal is multiplied with the sine and cosine wave reference signal and then low-pass filtered to produce the base-band complex signal, which has high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose an efficient quadrature demodulation method for B-mode and color flow imaging, in which the RF signal is demodulated by a pair of finite impulse response filters without mixing with the reference signal, to reduce the computational complexity. The proposed method was evaluated with simulation and in vivo experiments. From the simulation results, the proposed quadrature demodulation method produced similar normalized residual sum of squares (NRSS) and velocity profile compared with the conventional quadrature demodulation method. In the in vivo color flow imaging experiments, the time of the demodulation process was 5.66 ms and 3.36 ms, for the conventional method and the proposed method, respectively. These results indicated that the proposed method can maintain the performance of quadrature demodulation while reducing computational complexity.

关键词： B-mode ultrasound imaging Color flow imaging Quadrature demodulation Finite impulse response filter

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光场成像技术：模型、标定、重建及应用 Review

Hao ZHU, Qing WANG, Jingyi YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1236-1249 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601727

摘要：光场成像是计算摄像学领域一项新兴技术。基于对成像模型和光路的创新设计，光场相机不仅记录了三维物体的空间强度，而且捕获了物理世界中的角度信息。这为解决三维重建、显著区域检测、目标识别等计算机视觉问题提供了新途径。本文首先回顾了光场相机的三个关键问题，包括成像模型、标定理论以及重建方法。然后，系统介绍了光场成像技术在信息学、物理学、医学和生物学等领域的应用现状。最后，讨论了光场成像目前存在的问题，并展望了光场成像技术的应用前景。

关键词：光场成像；全光函数；成像模型；标定；重建

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Progress on molecular biomarkers and classification of malignant gliomas

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 150-156 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0267-1

摘要：

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. Anaplastic gliomas (WHO grade III) and glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) represent the major groups of malignant gliomas in the brain. Several diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers for malignant gliomas have been reported over the last few decades, and these markers have made great contributions to the accuracy of diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and prognosis of patients. However, heterogeneity in patient outcomes may still be observed, which highlights the insufficiency of a classification system based purely on histopathology. Great efforts have been made to incorporate new information about the molecular landscape of gliomas into novel classifications that may potentially guide treatment. In this review, we summarize three distinctive biomarkers, three most commonly altered pathways, and three classifications based on microarray data in malignant gliomas.

关键词： malignant glioma molecular biomarker IDH1 MGMT molecular classification

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Molecular classification and molecular targeted therapy of cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 147-149 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0274-2

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A highly selective fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 in living

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 103-111 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2064-8

摘要： Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are enzymes involved in the biotransformation of important endogenous compounds such as steroids, bile acids, and hormones as well as exogenous substances including drugs, environmental toxicants, and carcinogens. Here, a novel fluorescent probe BDMP was developed based on boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with high sensitivity for the detection of UGT1A8. The glucuronidation of BDMP not only exhibited a red-emission wavelength (λ_ex/λ_em = 500/580 nm), but also displayed an excellent UGT1A8-dependent fluorescence signal with a good linear relationship with UGT1A8 concentration. Based on this perfect biocompatibility and cell permeability, BDMP was successfully used to image endogenous UGT1A8 in human cancer cell lines (LoVo and HCT15) in real time. In addition, BDMP could also be used to visualize UGT1A8 in tumor tissues. These results suggested that BDMP is a promising molecular tool for the investigation of UGT1A8-mediated physiological function in humans.

关键词： UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 fluorescent probe subtype selectivity fluorescence imaging